These reagents can be used for detecting status of proteins involved in AKT/PI3K pathway including AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3 isoforms and their phosphorylated stages.įigure 1: AKT/PI3K Pathway. Recombinant AKT calibrator proteins have been produced as both AKT active (phosphorylated) and non-active (phosphatase-treated and phosphorylation site double mutant recombinant proteins). Thanks to the funding support from the National Cancer Institute (NCI Awards HHSN26100900070C and HHSN261201100087C), Rockland has developed over 100 AKT-related products. Deregulations in the AKT-related pathway were observed in many human diseases, including cancer, cardiopathies, neurological disorders, and type-2 diabetes. The role of AKT3 is less clear, though it appears to be predominantly expressed in the brain. AKT2 required to induce glucose transport is an important signaling molecule in the insulin signaling pathway. AKT1 plays an important role in cellular survival by inhibiting apoptotic processes and is implicated as a major factor in many types of cancer. There are three highly homologous isoforms known as AKT1 or simple AKT, AKT2, and AKT3 with alternatively named PKB α, PKB β, and PKB γ, respectively. Initially, AKT was discovered as a proto-oncogene. These efforts have uncovered important roles for AKT pathway regulation in cancer research, neuroscience, and disease prevention.Īlso known as PKB, AKT is a serine/threonine kinase composed of an N-terminal regulatory domain, a hinge region that connects the regulatory domain to a kinase domain, and a C-terminal region required for the induction and maintenance of the kinase activity.
Recent advances in AKT signaling have focused on understanding cellular processes and identifying cellular substrates that are physiologically relevant in vivo. AKT/PI3K is one of the most actively studied kinase pathways in basic research and drug development, as it plays an integral role in mediating signals for cell growth, survival, cell-cycle progression, differentiation, transcription, translation, and glucose metabolism ( See figure 1).
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